Topo to Raster uses this knowledge of surfaces and imposes constraints on the interpolation process that results in a connected drainage structure and correct representation of ridges and streams. For this reason, most landscapes have many hilltops (local maximums) and few sinks (local minimums), resulting in a connected drainage pattern. Water is the primary erosive force determining the general shape of most landscapes. It is essentially a discretized thin plate spline technique (Wahba, 1990) for which the roughness penalty has been modified to allow the fitted DEM to follow abrupt changes in terrain, such as streams, ridges and cliffs. It is optimized to have the computational efficiency of local interpolation methods, such as inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation, without losing the surface continuity of global interpolation methods, such as Kriging and Spline. This method uses an iterative finite difference interpolation technique. The interpolation procedure has been designed to take advantage of the types of input data commonly available and the known characteristics of elevation surfaces. The Topo to Raster by File tool is useful for executing the Topo to Raster tool multiple times, since it is often easier to change a single entry in the parameter file and rerun the tool than to repopulate the tool dialog box each time. Correct representation of ridges and streams from input contour dataĪs such, it is the only ArcGIS interpolator specifically designed to work intelligently with contour inputs.Topo to Raster interpolates elevation values for a raster while imposing constraints that ensure: The current version of ANUDEM used in ArcGIS is 5.3. Further developments of ANUDEM are discussed in Hutchinson et al. Applications of DEMs to environmental modeling are discussed in Hutchinson and Gallant (2000) and Hutchinson (2008). See Hutchinson and Dowling (1991) and ANU Fenner School of Environment and Society and Geoscience Australia (2008) for applications of ANUDEM to continent-wide DEM production. It is based on the ANUDEM program developed by Michael Hutchinson (1988, 1989, 1996, 2000, 2011). The Topo to Raster tool is an interpolation method specifically designed for the creation of hydrologically correct digital elevation models (DEMs). ![]()
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